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This page was translated by SYSTRAN (comments, feedback ...) freud-psychoanalyse2 Back THE INFANTILE SEXUALITAET By its aetiologische research the Psychoanalyse came into those Position to concern itself with a topic its existence forwards you hardly assumed were. One had oneself in that Science to it accustoms, the Sexualleben with puberty begin to leave, and expressions of childlike sexualitaet as rare signs of more abnormer earlyripe and degeneration judged. Now the Psychoanalyse revealed an abundance of likewise strange as regular phenomena, by which one one forced, the beginning of the Sexualfunktion with the child almost with the at the beginning of the extrauterinen life coincide too leave, and one asked oneself surprised, like it was possible, to overlook all of this. The first insights into the childlike Sexualitaet were by analytic study of adults won and therefore with all the doubts and sources of error afflicted, which one could think to a so late review capable of, but when one began later (from 1908 on), Kindere themselves too analyzes and to observe unabashedly, won one for everything actual contents of the new view the direct acknowledgement. The childlike sexualitaet showed another in some pieces Picture as those the adults and surprised by numerous Courses of what condemns with adults as " Perversion " became. One had to extend the term of the sexual one, to he more covered than a striving for the union of the two Sexes in the Sexualakt or after causing certain desire feelings at the genital organs. But these Extension recompenced itself by the fact that it became possible, childlike, normal and by verse Sexualleben from one To understand Zusammenhange. The analytic research of the adviser expired first into that Mistake, the seduction as source of the childlike Sexualaeusserungen and germ neuro desks of the symptom formation to overrate far. The overcoming of this deception succeeded, as itself the extraordinarily large role of the fantasy activity in the soul life of the Neurotiker to detect, those left for the neurosis was obviously more determining than the outside reality. Behind these Fantasies showed up then the material, which the following description of the development of the Sexualfunktion too give permitted. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIBIDO The Sexualtrieb, its dynamic expression in the soul life " Libido " is mentioned, is assembled from Partialtrieben, into those it also again in ruins can, and itself only gradually too certain organizations combine. This Partialtriebe pours the body organs are, particularly certain excellent erogene zones, but contributions to the Libido become also from all important functional processes supplied in the body. Those individual Partialtriebe strives first independently after satisfaction, become however in the course of the development always more in summary, centers. As first (praegenitale) Organization level shows itself the oral, in which according to the principal interest of the baby the mouth zone the main role plays. You follow the sadistisch anale organization, in which the Partialtrieb of the Sadismus and the after zone itself particularly out-do; the sex difference we here through the contrast of active and passively represent. Third and endgiltige organization level is the summary of most Partialtriebe under the Primat of the genital zones. This Development is passed through usually rapidly and inconspicuously, but individual proportions of the impulses on the preliminary stages remain of the Final output are and result in so the adjustments of the Libido, which as planning for later break-throughs more displaced Striving are important and for the development of later Neuroses and Perversionen in certain relationship are. (see Libidotheorie.) OBJECT IDENTIFICATION AND OEDIPUS COMPLEX The oral Partialtrieb finds first its satisfaction in Support to the saturation of the food need and its Object in the nut/mother chest. Ert becomes detached then, becomes independent and at the same time autoerotisch, i.e. he finds his object to own body. Also different Partialtriebe behaves itself first autoerotisch and become only later on an other object steered. Is of special importance it that the Partialtriebe the genital zone regularly one period more intensively more autoerotischer Satisfaction go through. For the endgiltige genital organization the Libido are not equivalent usable all Partialtriebe, some by them (z._B. the analen) therefore are aside left, suppressed or complicated transformations are subject. Already in the first child years (approximately of 2 to 5 years) places itself a summary of the Sexualstrebungen ago, of them Object with the boy the nut/mother is. This object selection together with that pertinent adjustment of rivalry and animosity approximately the father is contents of the so-called Oedipus complex, with all humans the greatest importance for those Final organization of the dear life comes. One has it as characteristically of the normal one put that it that Oedipus complex to master trains, during the Neurotiker to adhere remains for it. THE SEXUALENTWICKLUNG The two-early beginning of the Sexualentwicklung. This early period of the Sexuallebens finds against the fifth year normally an end and becomes of a time more or less complete latency replaced, during which those ethical restrictions as protection formations against those Desire moving of the Oedipus complex to be structured. In the following time of puberty that experiences Oedipus complex a new stimulation in the unconscious one and goes against its further reorganizations. Only the puberty time develops the Sexualtriebe to its full intensity; the direction this development and all planning responsible to it are but already by the beforehand run infantile early bloom that Sexualitaet determines. This two-early, by the latency interrupted development of the Sexualfunktion seems one to be biological special feature of the human type and those To contain condition for the emergence of the neuroses. THE DRAINAGE TEACHINGS The co-operation of these theoretical findings with that direct impressions of the analytic work leads to one View of the neuroses, those in their rohesten outlines about so reads: The neuroses are the printout of conflicts between which I and such Sexualstrebungen, those which I as incompatibly with its integrity or his ethical Appear to requirements. Which I has this ichgerechten Striving displaces, i.e. and they extracted its interest from them of as from the motor removal to Satisfaction locked. If one in the analytic work tried to make these displaced moving conscious one gets the displacing forces as resistance too feel. But the performance of the displacement fails to that Sexualtrieben particularly easily. Their accumulated Libido creates itself from the unconscious one different ways out, by it on earlier Development phases and object adjustments regrediert and there, where infantile adjustments find themselves, in the weak places the Libidoentwicklung to consciousness and to the removal breaks through. Which develops in such a way, a symptom is and therefore in Reason a sexual back-up satisfaction, in addition, the symptom can itself the influence of the displacing forces of the Ichs still do not extract completely, so that it itself alterations and Shifts fallen to leave must, - completely similarly as the dream - by which its character as Sexualbefriedigung unrecognizable becomes. The symptom receives so the character to one Compromise formation between the displaced Sexualtrieben and the displacing Ichtrieben, a simultaneous however on both sides imperfect desire fulfilment for both partners of the conflict. This applies in full severity to the symptoms of the hysteria, during at the symptoms of the obsessional neurosis frequently the proportion that displacing instance by production of reaction formations (protections against the Sexualbefriedigung) to stronger Printout comes. THE TRANSFER If it required still another further proof for the record that the impulse forces neuro desks symptom formation of sexual nature it is then he would be found in the fact that itself regularly during the analytic handling a special Feeling relationship of the patient with the physician manufactures, who far beyond the rational measure goes, from the most tender Devotion up to the most persistent animosity varies, and all their peculiarnesses earlier, become unconscious Dear adjustments of the patient takes. This transfer, which both in their positive and in their negative form into that Service of the resistance steps, becomes in the hands of the physician for the most powerful aid of the handling and plays in that Dynamics of the healing process one which can be hardly overrated Role. THE GRUNDPFEILER THE PSYCHOANALYSE The grundpfeiler of the psychoanalytischen theory. The acceptance of unconscious mental processes, the acknowledgment the theory of the resistance and the displacement, those Estimate of the sexualitaet and the Oedipus complex are those Main contents of the Psychoanalyse and the bases of their theory, and who it all to approve is not able, should itself not to that Psychoanalytikern count. Further fates of the Psychoanalye. About so far as in the managing suggested, was those Psychoanalyse by the work of the adviser before-walked, that it through longer than one decade alone represented. In the year 1906 Swiss psychiatrist E. Bleuler and C G. Jung began lively proportion of the analysis to take, 1907 found in Salzburg a first meeting of their trailers instead of, and soon saw itself the recent science in the focal point of the interest that Psychiatrist like the laymen. The type of the accommodation in that authority-addicted Germany was not ruehmlich even for those German science and required even a so cool Party man such as E. Bleuler for an energetic defense out. But all official condemnations and completions were able on congresses internal growth and the outside propagation not to stop the Psychoanalyse, which now in the run that next ten years far over the boundaries of Europe penetrated and particularly in the United States America became popular, not to the mindesten owing to the promotion or cooperation shank of J. Putnam (Boston), Ernest Jones (Toronto, late London), Flournoy (Geneva), Ferenczi (Budapest), Abraham (Berlin) and many different. The Anathem imposed over the Psychoanalyse arranged itself its trailers to an international organization to unite, which in this year (1922) their noted Congress of private in Berlin holds and at present the local's groups: Vienna, Budapest, Berlin, Holland, Zurich, London, New York, Calcutta and Moscow cover. Also the world war interrupted this development not. 1918/19 became of Dr. Anton v. Freund (Budapest) the international Psychoanalyti publishing house based, the Psychoanalyse serving magazines and Books published, 1920 first became by Dr. M. Eitingon " Psychoanalyti health center " for handling without means More nervously in Berlin opens. Translations of the hauptwerke of the Adviser in the French, Italian and Spanish, those evenly now to be prepared, testify awaking the interest for the Psychoanalyse also in the romanischen world. Into that Years 1911 to 1913 branched from the Psychoanalyse two Directions off, which were obviously anxious, those To moderate Anstoessigkeiten the same. The one, of C G. Jung hit, sought to become fair ethical requirements, undressed the Oedipus complex of his real meaning through symbolizing revaluation and neglected those in practice Uncovering the forgotten, " praehistorisch " to calling Childhood period. The other one, the Alf. eagle in Vienna to Author has, accommodated some moments of the Psychoanalyse other name again, e.g. the displacement in more sexualisierter View as " male protest ", saw however otherwise of Unconscious ones and from the Sexualtrieben and tried A character such as neurosis development on the will to power to lead back, that from organ inferiorities the threatening Driven by over compensation to rear-continue strives. Both system-like developed directions have the development that Psychoanalyse lastingly does not influence; of Adler is soon clearly become that it with the Psychoanalyse, it to replace wanted, too little together has. THAT NARCISSUS MASH Newer progress of the Psychoanalyse. Since then the Psychoanalyse sphere of activity of a so large number by observers, has it became enriching and Recesses won, those in this essay unfortunately only those knappste mention assign will can. Their most important theoretical progress was probably application the Libidolehre on the displacing thing I one was added itself, which I as a reservoir of - narzisstisch mentioned - To present Libido, from which the Libidobesetzungen that Objects erfliessen and into which these to be again drawn in can. With the help of this conception it became possible, to those To come closer analysis of the Ichs and the clinical divorce that Psychoneurosen in transfer neuroses and narcissus desks To make affect ions. With the first (hysteria and Obsessional neurosis) is after transfer on other objects striving measure of Libido available, which for execution one takes up to the analytic handling; those narcissus desks disturbances (Dementia praecox, Paranoia, Melancholy) are in the opposite by taking the Libido off from the objects characterizes and therefore the analytic Therapy hardly accessible. This therapeutic inadequacy however the analysis did not obstruct, the richest beginnings to the deeper understanding of these the Psychosen added Suffer to make. THE IDIOM OF THE TECHNIQUE After the formation of the interpretation technique as it were those Wissbegierde of the analyst had satisfied itself, had that Interest to the problem turn, on which ways those most expedient influence of the patient to achieve is. It arose soon as the next function of the physician, the patient to the knowledge and later for the overcoming of the resistances too help, during the handling with it occur and those conscious to it initially are not. Also one detected at the same time that the substantial piece of the healing work in that Overcoming of these resistances exists, and that without these Performance a permanently mental modification of the patient not to be obtained can. Since then itself the work of the analyst so to the resistance of the patient, has the analytic adjusts Technique a certainty and a refinement won, with that competes to surgical technique. It is thus urgent of it to advise against that one without strict training psychoanalytische Handling undertakes, and the physician, the such in the confidence on his nationally recognized diploma dares, is better around nothing than a layman. PSYCHOANALYSE AS THERAPEUTIC METHOD The Psychoanalyse never output itself on a Panazee or stressed to do miracles. On one of the most difficult areas medical activity is it the only possible one for individual suffering, for others the method, which the best or most permanent Results supplies, never without appropriate expenditure at time and work. The physician, who not completely in the function that Assistance comes up, is worth it the trouble plentifully by undreamt-of Insights into the entangling of the mental life and those Connections between mental one and Leiblichem. Where it at present not remedy, but only theoretical understanding perhaps to offer, clears it knows the way for a later more direct Influence neuro desks of the disturbances. Their sphere of activity are above all the two transfer neuroses, hysteria and Obsessional neurosis, with those it for uncovering the inside Structure and the effective mechanisms contributed, additionally however all types of Phobien, inhibitions, Character formations, sexual Perversionen and Difficulties of the dear life. According to specification of some Analyst is also the analytic handling rougher Organ illnesses not offering no prospects (Jelliffe, Groddeck, Felix German), there not rarely a psychological factor at the emergence and preservation of these affect ions is with involved. There those Psychoanalyse a measure of psychological plasticity with their It assumes, must patients in requirement itself with their selection certain age limits hold, and there them a long and an intensive Occupation with the individual patient conditionally, would be it uneconomically, such expenditure to completely worthless individuals, those besides are also neurotisch to waste. Which Modifications are necessary, around the psychoanalytische Welfare procedure broader people layers accessible to make un weaker Intelligenzen adapt, must only the experience on poliklinischem material teach.